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Inability to accurately assess levels of risk for exposure to HIV by some clients and providers The following chart outlines the barriers identified in the literature and the evidence-informed recommendations in this guide that are designed to address these barriers. In 2010, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control published a synthesis of the evidence related to both the barriers and strategies to reduce these barriers (ECDC, 2010). In spite of these benefits, barriers continue to exist for reducing the number of undiagnosed cases of HIV in Canada. Individuals who are unaware of their status are more likely to unknowingly spread the virus while those who test positive are more likely to take measures that prevent the onward spread of HIV. Earlier diagnosis and initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy can lead to reduced morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection and disease progression. This recommendation is based upon the current body of good quality evidence demonstrating the individual and public health benefits associated with normalising HIV testing. It is recommended that the consideration and discussion of HIV testing be made a component of periodic routine medical care.

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clients testing positive with an opportunity to receive information, counselling, care, treatment and support in the management of HIV infection as well as to receive information about how to avoid possible re-exposure and how to prevent onward transmission of HIV.

clients testing negative with an opportunity to receive information about protective measures and behaviours necessary to prevent HIV infection.

all clients with an opportunity to relieve any anxiety about an unknown HIV status and to establish a baseline as part of an individual's overall health care.

There are several benefits to reducing the number of undiagnosed HIV infections in Canada. Care providers should comply with local Public Health regulations when conducting HIV testing.Īdvances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment have slowed the progression of the disease to such a degree that HIV infection is now understood to be a chronic, manageable condition enabling more people with HIV to live healthy, long, and active lives.

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This guide does not supersede any provincial/territorial legislative, regulatory, policy and practice requirements or professional guidelines that govern and inform the practice of care providers in their respective jurisdictions.

This guide is designed to complement existing efforts to support care providers involved in HIV testing, including primary care providers, Public Health nurses, counsellors, social workers, community health workers, midwives, community-based service providers and others in an effort to reduce the number of undiagnosed HIV infections in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada estimates that, in 2011, 25% of people living with HIV in Canada were unaware of their infection. Appendix E: Provincial and Territorial HIV/AIDS Hotlines.Appendix D: Natural History of HIV Infection.Appendix B: Performing a Comprehensive HIV/STI Risk Assessment.Appendix A: Ethical and Professional Considerations.4.2 Terms and technologies used in HIV testing.2.1 Who should be tested for HIV and how frequently?.